andrewchamplin.com/iqso24

Technique Concerns: Ballet Practices against the western archive

Andrew Champlin

The University of Applied Arts Vienna

Supervisors: Ruth Anderwald and Leonard Grond

1. Introduction to topic and modes of Practice as Research

2. Introduction to two Artistic projects in process

Film posters

Documentary film

3. questions at this stage of the research

4. Exchange with peers

Topic and modes of practice as research

“As an artform, ballet absorbed the richness of the cultures into which it was introduced. However, imperialist sponsors have repeatedly used the artform to further colonial aesthetics. Such heteronormative, classed narratives of the notion of ballet can pervasively drown out the spectrum of human sensibilities that dance can so ably exemplify, but the working class, non-White, Queer constituents who have loved and danced ballet steps have legacies of their own that prevail—albeit often as part of ‘underground’, invisibilized cultural histories and communities”. (3)

— Adedola Akinleye. Ed. (Re:) Claiming Ballet, 2021.

My research is primarily concerned with the Euro-American ballet cannon, however, my project focuses less on current or historical ballet concerts, and more on the experience of learning ballet and engaging with ongoing training and facilitation of its techniques.

My project aims to tell a story about navigating complex power structures in the process of embodying the historical technique today, through the lens of my body and its world of perception. It starts with the pain of being injured and seeks to document subtle ways in which the perception of emotions such as fear and anger might lead to critical thinking about ways in which an individual who practices and aspires to practice ballet is already engaged with the suffering of others.

My research goal is to make my personal intellectual-emotional process explicit by asking questions aligned with the philosophical traditions of phenomenology, critical dance studies, and embodied research, which foreground the material fact of the body and its embeddedness in contemporary society and politics.

Robin Nelson outlines Practice as Research as a “multi-mode, dialogic, dynamic approach” that I’ll work with to outline three aspects of my process, all of which imbricate theory in practice (38, Robin Nelson, Practice as Research in the Arts: Principles, Protocols, Pedagogies, Resistance, 2013)

KNOW HOW

‘Insider’ close up knowing

— Experiential, haptic knowing

— Performative knowing

— Tacit knowledge

— Embodied knowledge

Know-how was the starting point to my project. I studied classical ballet since I was four years old and up till now, I have studied three distinct techniques including a Russian method from the lineage of Agripinna Vagonova, a twentieth century Russian-American technique developed by George Balanchine, and an Italian approach from the lineage of Enrico Cecchetti. These techniques are called Vagonova, Balanchine, and Cecchetti, respectively. They are cited here not in their historical order of appearance in the world, but in my personal encounter with these ideas as they have been condensed and expanded in my body. All of these movement philosophies share a French terminology, that extends from the Renaissance to postmodern art period.

As I have migrated into the field of contemporary performance and work with a range of practices in my pedagogy, from somatic to athletic, I seek to value and contextualize multiple realities and aesthetic influences that shape my insights on ballet as a constantly changing artform. My perspective includes my practical experiences in somatics techniques, yoga, and other dance styles that exemplify the range of physicalities that constitute “contemporary” dance praxis. While these are rarely brought into relation to the aesthetic universe of classical ballet, I am working with a variety of technical movement lineages, that also inspired my values of difference, juxtaposition, and complex processes of identity construction and knowledge production.

know what

The tacit made explicit through critical reflection

— Know what ‘works’

— Know what methods

— Know what principles of composition

— Know what impacts

My interest in facilitation arises from my artistic practice, which extends from my work as a movement teacher in the dance field, and also involves my proximity to choreographic and performative practices. My artistic research experiments with the flexibility of classical ballet in terms of the facilitation and performance of embodied techniques. Through my ballet pedagogy, I open doors to the somatic field, therefore asking ballet to become available to multiple aesthetic and subjective points of view, often neglected in the historical record of the discipline.

Know THAT

‘Outsider’ distant knowledge

— Spectatorship studies

— Conceptual frameworks

— Cognitive propositional knowledge

Conceptual framework I’m developing is interested in the relationship between specialized embodied practice and everyday life. Phenomenology and process philosophy such as somaaesthetics are being considered.

Sara Ahmed’s theories of the cultural politics of emotion and Gilles Deleuze’s theory of the repetition of generalities are being explored. Also systems and theories of collecting memory, emotional and physical experiences, including pain, grief, and love.

Prototypes

(A) docufilm trailer

(B) Video installations

Two inter-connecting artworks create compendium

exploring the presence and absence of bodies in ballet

(A) Documentary film

Top shot of two dancers laying on the floor, side by side. Dancers are looking upward at the camera overhead, and ask each other questions about what they remember about Janet Panetta.

methodologies

Performance score is recreated in different locations, collecting qualitative accounts of subjects who have experiential knowledge of Janet’s pedagogy.

Interview subjects work with a performance score:

  • Find a comfortable way to be together in the frame on the floor. Lay together in silence for three minutes. 

  • Begin the conversation.

Editing:

Janet’s actual voice is a structured series of interruptions.

theoretical and artistic source

Level 5 by Chris Marker

artistic-scientific

display strategies

Top shots show the subjects in a state of relaxation, juxtaposing the conventional verticality of the baroque ballet aeshtetic symbolically. Intend to display the documentary on the ceiling and create a space on the floor comfortable for viewing. Spectator’s body mirrors the body of the filmed subjects.

(B)Film Posters

Drawing from the “objective” gaze of early botany photography, the posters reimagine a typically still format—dance notation and scientific illustrations—as a form that moves. The tension between still and moving image is explored through the conventional of informational posters that contains physical and abstract notes on technique.

Experiments with video and film intend to create a space that allows for different approaches, speeds of learning. References scientific illustrations such as the taxonomy or tableaux. Combines objective photography and queer erotic art/pornography. Anatomical illustrations mix with conventions of portraiture.

methodologies

Borrowing from photography and film. Capturing a material in the world for knowledge is also a process of death. For artists and scientists making educational illustrations this could involve picking up things and killing them, pinning and fixing.

theoretical and artistic source

Zac’s Freight Elevator by Dennis Cooper

Material for the Spine, A Movement Study by Steve Paxton

Mnemosyne Atlas by Aby Warburg

Cinematic lineage of Eadweard Muybridge

artistic-scientific

display strategies

Six video posters projected onto tables. Combines with the soundscape from the documentary.

docu

(A) What do you remember about janet?

Film Locations:

New York City

Berlin

Vienna

film poster

(B) video Installations

6 unique movie poster-size films:

One technique topic per poster

Project overview: a Compendium of technical approaches

Why focus on Ballet technique and not ballet at large?

My project is driven by the wish for knowledge of ballet techniques to participate with evolving pedagogical practices. Technique is often perceived as having an anatomical focus, but it can also be theorized as relational. I am interested in jackï job’s definition of technique as relational: “I define technique as the body’s ability to manifest what the mind is imagining” (61, Nurturing the Relational Body: Decolonizing Dance Pedagogies: A conversation between jackï job and Rolando Vázquez Melken, On Curating; Curating Dance, Decolonizing Dance, 2023). According to Ben Spatz, “technique refers to the knowledge that links one practice to another” (7, Embodied Research: A Methodology, 2017). I’m interested in the spaces between practices.

What does emotion mean to your practice?

Archiving emotion signals ballet technique could be conceived and practiced differently from the status quo, assuming accountability, as entwined with the emotions of others. Pain has drawn me towards others seeking more humane relationships. Sara Ahmed points out that “It is through the intensification of pain sensations that bodies and worlds materialise and take shape, or that the effect of boundary, surface and fixity is produced. To say that feelings are crucial to the forming of surfaces and border is to suggest that what ‘makes’ those borders also unmakes them. In other words, what separates us from others also connects us to others” (24-25, Sara Ahmed, The Cultural Politics of Emotion, 2004).

How can emotions confront the archive?

My research process began with a relationship to the ballet teacher Janet Panetta, whose technique inspired my teaching practices. In particular, my ballet practice works with the memory of her voice and her touch. I move into the world on the haptic level of sensuality and eroticism, through my own ballet-inflected body and also the reliable pathways I discovered in Janet Panetta’s pedagogy. Janet died in December, 2023. My research has become interested in relationship with her students who are also emotionally impacted by her death. A landscape of testimony is coupled with fragments of my own voice and dancing body. Video portraits of myself and her students ask ballet technique to become the links and dissolutions of classically codified repertoire. Her presence is also there as a shadow figure in the compendium.

What notion of archive function?

The archive is about learning and feeling. I’m working with non-linear modes of thinking and gesturing towards self-governance in processes of learning specialized physicalities. How do we govern ourselves in the skills and embodied capacities we desire? By affirming technique as transmissible, I also seek to orient toward a new beginning for ballet practices that position the authority of the teacher on a non-hierarchical plane with dance practitioners of all demographics, but also engaged with a history of education for the sake of advocating for visibility of alternative ways of doing “traditional” western things. I follow Jack Halberstam who argues that “learning has to be about turning off that mode of anticipation when you think you know what a text means” (Lecture, On Queer Failure, Silly Archives, and the Wild, 2014).

Photo: Janet Panetta, center,

David Zambrano, right, Andrew Champlin, left.

Tensions between images and feelings

What language do these prototypes speak?

What narratives come forward for you?

How do the two projects speak to each other?